Reflections on the Lectionary – Epiphany 5B

Today in Bible study we looked at the following scriptures for this coming Sunday.

Scripture Reading:  Isaiah 40:21-31

Have you not known? Have you not heard? Has it not been told you from the beginning? Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth? It is he who sits above the circle of the earth, and its inhabitants are like grasshoppers; who stretches out the heavens like a curtain, and spreads them like a tent to live in; who brings princes to naught, and makes the rulers of the earth as nothing. Scarcely are they planted, scarcely sown, scarcely has their stem taken root in the earth, when he blows upon them, and they wither, and the tempest carries them off like stubble. To whom then will you compare me, or who is my equal? says the Holy One. Lift up your eyes on high and see: Who created these? He who brings out their host and numbers them, calling them all by name; because he is great in strength, mighty in power, not one is missing.

Why do you say, O Jacob, and speak, O Israel, “My way is hidden from the Lord, and my right is disregarded by my God”? Have you not known? Have you not heard? The Lord is the everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth. He does not faint or grow weary; his understanding is unsearchable. He gives power to the faint, and strengthens the powerless. Even youths will faint and be weary, and the young will fall exhausted; but those who wait for the Lord shall renew their strength, they shall mount up with wings like eagles, they shall run and not be weary, they shall walk and not faint.

Scripture Reading: 1 Corinthians 9:16-23

If I proclaim the gospel, this gives me no ground for boasting, for an obligation is laid on me, and woe to me if I do not proclaim the gospel! For if I do this of my own will, I have a reward; but if not of my own will, I am entrusted with a commission. What then is my reward? Just this: that in my proclamation I may make the gospel free of charge, so as not to make full use of my rights in the gospel.

For though I am free with respect to all, I have made myself a slave to all, so that I might win more of them. To the Jews I became as a Jew, in order to win Jews. To those under the law I became as one under the law (though I myself am not under the law) so that I might win those under the law. To those outside the law I became as one outside the law (though I am not free from God’s law but am under Christ’s law) so that I might win those outside the law. To the weak I became weak, so that I might win the weak. I have become all things to all people, that I might by all means save some. I do it all for the sake of the gospel, so that I may share in its blessings.

Scripture Reading: Mark 1:29-39

As soon as they left the synagogue, they entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John. Now Simon’s mother-in-law was in bed with a fever, and they told him about her at once. He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up. Then the fever left her, and she began to serve them.

That evening, at sundown, they brought to him all who were sick or possessed with demons. And the whole city was gathered around the door. And he cured many who were sick with various diseases, and cast out many demons; and he would not permit the demons to speak, because they knew him. In the morning, while it was still very dark, he got up and went out to a deserted place, and there he prayed. And Simon and his companions hunted for him. When they found him, they said to him, “Everyone is searching for you.” He answered, “Let us go on to the neighboring towns, so that I may proclaim the message there also; for that is what I came out to do.” And he went throughout Galilee, proclaiming the message in their synagogues and casting out demons.

In looking for connections between the passages, we discovered the following:

  • There is a connection between Isaiah’s call to “wait upon the Lord” and Mark’s pointing out that Jesus spent much time in prayer.  Jesus “went out to a deserted placed, and there he prayed.”  All of the gospels make the point what whenever Jesus needed his spiritual batteries recharged or needed to discern the direction God wanted him to take, he would go and spend time in prayer, usually away from others.  Prayer as “waiting upon the Lord” is an essential discipline for all Christians.
  • There also appears to be a connection between Paul’s “I have become all things to all people, that I might save some” and Jesus’ desire to leave Capernaum and go into the neighboring towns and villages to proclaim the message.  The gospel message is everything, to Jesus and to Paul.  There is nothing more important than sharing the good news, and if that means Jesus leaving an area that may have been home to him for some time or Paul’s doing whatever is necessary for him in order to share the good news, then so be it. 

We also discussed the idea of boasting as Paul presents it.  Some have seen Paul’s statements about boasting as being a little self-serving, as though he has much to be proud of.  I instead see his statements throughout the book of Corinthians and his other writings and trying to downplay the place of pride and accomplishments in the Christian life.  The church at Corinth has many Christians who look down their spiritual noses at others in the community. They are making their own spiritual gifts and spiritual heritage more important than others’ gifts and heritage, and Paul wants none of that in the church.  Pride and boasting is divisive in the Christian community.  And he will use himself as an illustration of this by saying things like “If anyone has a reason to boast, well I have even more reason to do so.”  So  . . . do not think yourselves better than others because I do not think such things myself.

The first part of the Isaiah reading stresses the power and might of God.  “To whom then will you compare me, or who is my equal? says the Holy One. Lift up your eyes on high and see: Who created these? He who brings out their host and numbers them, calling them all by name; because he is great in strength, mighty in power, not one is missing.”  The second half of the reading is often used at funeral and memorial services, and makes the point that God, in all his power and might, is willing to help and strengthen those in need.

What Belongs to God

My sermon for Sunday, 19 October 2008 was based on Psalm 24, Isaiah 45:1-7, and Matthew 22:15-22.  It was written for the following Sunday: Proper 24A, Ordinary 29A, or Pentecost+23A.  Below is a tag cloud for the message.

created at TagCrowd.com

What Belongs to God?

Imagine the scene from today’s gospel reading.
It is a classic confrontation between Jesus and his critics.
Not only does Jesus have to face the primary religious authorities of his day: the Pharisees.
He also has to deal with a group of people called the Herodians,
a political force aligned with King Herod.
The Herodians, like Herod himself, were seen as being in cahoots with Rome, and though they were not loved by the people because of this,
the Pharisees asked them along on this face to face with Jesus because they provided the Pharisees with the perfect opportunity to put Jesus between the proverbial rock and a hard place.
This way the Pharisees had the religious angle covered and the Herodians would cove the political angle.
The Pharisees would be able to catch Jesus if he said anything blasphemous, and the Herodians would be sure to run back to King Herod and his Roman cronies if Jesus said something that would upset the political apple cart.

As you can see, much thought and scheming had gone into the plan,
and the trap they had built for this rebel teacher seemed foolproof.
They would set before him a choice,
and regardless of the answer he came up with,
they were all but sure they could bring this young rabble rouser down a notch or two, if not bring him down altogether.
I can just imagine them rubbing their hands together in anticipation and patting each other on the back for their ingenuity.
They had the deadly combination of politics and religion on their side,
or so they thought.

The encounter begins with some flattery,
what we used to call brown-nosing in school,
the reasons for which I will not go into detail about in a church setting.
Nevertheless, when flattery is being used,
it is always best for the one bei
ng flattered to be cautious.
As Socrates once said, “Flattery is like friendship in show, but not in fruit”
Perhaps Jesus knew this, so that when they attempt to put him off his guard with some pleasant words,
he is ready when they try to pull a trick out of the sleeves of their robes.

"Teacher,” they said, “ we know that you are true and teach the way of God truthfully, and show favor to no one;
for you do not regard people with partiality.
And then comes the trap.
“Is it lawful,” they asked him, “to pay taxes to the emperor?” 

Now the tax that they were referring to was the hated poll tax levied annually upon every man, woman and child.
Typically, it was a denarius – a whole day’s wages.
And since most people only made one denarius a day and then had to use all of it to buy the food they needed to eat for that day,
paying this tax usually meant going hungry on the days it was remitted,
This tax was also a painful reminder of their helpless submission to Rome. 
So, if Jesus said yes, pay the tax,
he would alienate himself from the people.
What kind of Messiah would tell his people to pay a tax to their conquerors and have to take food from the mouths of their families to do so?
If, on the other hand, Jesus said no,
he could be accused of treason,
thus facing arrest, imprisonment and execution by Rome.
In fact, this is something the religious leaders would falsely claim Jesus did later on in Luke’s gospel as he stands before Pilate,
the Roman governor.
“This man set himself up as a king,
and taught the people not to pay tribute to the emperor!” (Luke 23:2)   

“So Jesus, is it lawful to pay taxes to Caesar or not?”
They glanced triumphantly at each other,
sure that they had set a snare from which even this self-styled prophet could not escape.
Jesus, however, outsmarted them by turning the question into a deeper issue of where ultimate allegiance of every person should belong.
Challenged by Israel’s religious and political leadership in such a way that it seemed all but impossible for him not to condemn himself before Rome or the people, Jesus says,
“Show me the coin used for the tax”.
Please note that Jesus asks his opponents for a coin;
he does not produce one of his own,
the implication being that he does not have one.
Also note that this conversation is taking place at the Jewish temple.
These are two important facts to remember.

Coin now in hand, Jesus then asks whose “head and inscription” are on it.
The coin bears the image of the emperor.
This is strike one against his would-be attackers.
If you remember your ten commandments,
you know that the law prohibited graven images.
Because of this, coins without human images had been minted for Jewish use.
But these opponents of Jesus—Jewish leaders—have carried an image of the emperor into the temple of God.
In addition to the image of Caesar,
the denarius also had these words printed on it in Latin:
“Tiberius Caesar, worshipful son of the divine Augustus”.

As fellow pastor Clare Oatney has stated:
“The coin claimed far too much for itself and for the empire represented.”
In fact, by virtue of what was printed on it,
this coin was little more than a portable idol!
An idol which the religious leaders had brought into the temple of the one and only true God.
Talk about your hypocrisy!
And Jesus does.
“Why put me to the test, you hypocrites?” he had asked them.

And then Jesus gives them his answer.
He holds up the coin with the profile of Caesar carved upon it, and says,
“Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s” (Matt. 22:21). 
It was a brilliant answer, don’t you think? 
And on the face of it, there is nothing in what he says to get him in trouble,
nothing on which he can be charged. 
Not in the way the Romans would have heard it,
not in the way it has often been understood through the years:
that the state has its claims, and God has God’s claims,
and you can separate your life into those two camps. 
It’s all easy and everyone’s happy. 
Unless you think a little further.

Because, you see “Give to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s and to God what is God’s” is not exactly what Jesus said, according to Matthew. 
Matthew’s actual quote of Jesus does not say “give” (dote). 
Instead, Matthew has Jesus say apodote –“ give back”. 
In other words,
give back to Caesar whatever is legally owed to him – but nothing more! 
Thus, the saying that appears at first reading to be equal
(“Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s; give to God what is God’s”)
is not equal at all. 
Because what is owed to Caesar? 
At most, taxes – and nothing more! 
And what is owed to God? 
Why, it is the totality of your being.
You owe everything to God. 
So give your “everything” to that One – and only that One,
the only One who deserves it!

Give to God what is God’s… 
And what belongs to God? 
God: the creator of all, the source of all, the ground of all being … 
What belongs to God? 
It’s ALL God’s. 
There is no claim that can impinge on God’s claim,
no right that trumps God’s right,
no authority that eclipses God’s authority. 
It’s all God’s. 
The emperor can stamp his picture on whatever he wants,
but it doesn’t change that fundamental reality.  
It’s like writing your name in a library book and pretending that makes the book yours. 
Or like a scene comedian Eddie Izzard describes, about colonial explorers.  You know, how Europeans used to travel around the world,
looking for places that no other Europeans had discovered? 
Izzard imagines them walking ashore and being somewhat surprised to find the place already occupied. 
“Oh, you say you live here? 
Oh dear.  Hmmm.  (thinks) Well, do you have a flag?  No?  (Thwomp!—plants imaginary flag)
Then I claim this land in the name of her Majesty the Queen!” 
Planting flags.  As though that made it theirs.

We like to lay claim on things. 
But when we are baptized, God lays his claim on us. 
In baptism, we gave ourselves back to the God who gave us life. 
And that claim will compete with all other claims upon your loyalty, your identity, and your commitment.

Like you, I am an American.
And like you, I love the United States.
I love my country, its culture, its people, the freedoms we enjoy and that so many have fought and dies to preserve.
Being American is central to my identity. 
But I cannot give my first and deepest loyalty to America.
Because in baptism I renounce my allegiance to any power or state or anything else that I might put before God. 
In other words, I owe my first and deepest loyalty to the one who made me.

As Christians, we are united first and foremost under the cross,
rather than any national flag or standard. 
This is not to say the state has no legitimate claim to make,
or to condemn any kind of national feeling. 
It is simply a reminder that we owe our first loyalty to the kingdom of God.

We a

re called, throughout our lives, to measure the claims and values of the state against those of the kingdom. 
We dare not accept unquestioningly the aims and methods of any worldly power, be it political, economic, social or cultural. 
The Gospel calls us to question those competing claims,
whatever they might be:
are they in line with what we know about the kingdom? 
Do they bring healing? 
Do they seek peace and forgiveness? 
Are they steeped in compassion, reaching across boundaries and welcoming in the outsider? 
Above all, do they demonstrate concern for the lowest and the least? 
They just might do so. 
But if they do not, then we need to decide how best to respond. 

Now, I could pick a political issue to illustrate this, but I don’t want to risk any appearance of partisanship that would interfere with my point.
So while I do think we allow the country, or the platform of our particular political party, to come before God too often in our lives,
there are other powers that also lay claim on us.

For instance, television and media have incredible power in our lives. 
Now, while I disagree with those who say there’s nothing good on television, there are definitely some problems with the medium. 
There are mixed messages about sexuality, the glorifying of violence…. 
And then, perhaps worse than both of these is how TV tries to convert us all into nothing more than mindless consumers
That is, we are constantly being tempted to buy things,
many of which we probably don’t even need,
because the TV promises us that our lives will be easier or more worthwhile if we only have this or that item in our possession.

Now if I compare this idea to Jesus’ teaching about and caring for the poor,
and if I take the time to ask myself the question of whether I really want my heart to be living at Target and Toys R Us along with all of my treasure,
I can begin to see a conflict. 
So what can I do? 
I could throw the TV out of my house.
I could limit my own viewing, and that of my children. 
I could watch with them, and use the commercials as teaching moments about the difference between wanting and needing. 
I could give money to public television. 
Or start a campaign to ban commercials during children’s programming. 
Or vote for candidates who support these kind of ideas. 
As you can see, I could do all sorts of thing. 
There is only one thing I cannot and must do:
I cannot allow this competing power to steal my heart and my mind away from the kingdom of God.

The kingdom of God always exists in tension with competing claims of authority (Kari Jo Verhulst, SojoNet for Proper 24A, 2005). 
This is not a comfortable thing. 
Our gut, our upbringing, our perceived best interests might lead us right into the heart of one of these competing claims. 
And it might well be easier to follow. 
It is sometimes easier to just give in to the Caesars of this world,
to allow the competing claims of the things and powers of this world to hold sway over us,
but that is not the way of Jesus who tells us plainly
"Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and give to God what is God’s."

Biblical scholar Sarah Dylan Breuer makes the following points about this simple statement by tying it to our reading from Isaiah:
Our reading for this Sunday from Isaiah provides some clues.
It has God addressing Cyrus, King of Persia, a gentile.
And yet this gentile has been called by the God of Israel to do his work.
In other words, it’s not solely the people of Israel who are God’s,
but everyone to whom God gives life and breath.
And God tells this gentile king, that he is providing help
I call you by your name,
I have named you, though you do not know me.
I am the LORD, and there is no other;
besides me there are no other gods.

I clothed you, though you do not know me,
so that they may know, from the rising of the sun
and from the west, there is no one besides me;
I am the LORD, and there is no other.
I form light and create darkness,
I make peace and create evil;
I the LORD do all these things (Isaiah 45:4-7).
East or west, light or dark, in all circumstances, God is God,
and there is none other.

The 24th Psalm puts it this way:
The earth is the LORD’s and all that is in it,
   the world, and those who live in it.
It all boils down to this:
What belongs to God is everything.
And if we really take seriously the claim that God is rightful Lord of the earth and all that is in it, the world and all people in it,
over what is any earthly Caesar a rightful lord?
The answer is simple words is this:
Nothing. Nada. Squat. Zilch. Zero.

Isaiah 2:1-5 – My Paraphrase

The word that Isaiah, the son of Amoz, saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem. 

It shall come to pass at the end of days that the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established as the highest of the mountains, and exalted above the hills;  and every nation  shall stream to it.  Many peoples shall come and say: "Come, let us ascend the mountain of the LORD, to the dwelling place of the God of Jacob, so that he may teach us his ways and we may walk in his paths."  For instruction shall go forth out of Zion and the word of the LORD from Jerusalem. 

And he shall judge between the nations, and shall convict many peoples;  and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks;  nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they study war any more. 

Come, O house of Jacob;  walk in the light of the LORD.

 

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Swords or Plowshares, Fear or Love

This is my sermon for Sunday, November 18, 2007.  It is based on the texts of Isaiah 2:1-5 and Luke 21:5-19, and in it I rely heavily upon a Remembrance Day message from the Rev. Anne Le Bas and an article "Choose Love" by Yael Lachman found in Yes Magazine.

———-

Seven hundred years or so before the birth of Jesus a man paused for a moment to look at and examine the world in which he lived.
He was in a small nation named Judah,
and what Isaiah saw was not very pretty.
In fact, it was pretty brutal.
The mighty Assyrian empire had conquered nations and civilizations from the borders of  India all the way to ancient Egypt.
It was an empire like none had ever seen before.
Its armies had swept across the world,
holding its conquests in an iron grip.
Assyria was infamous for its cruelty . . . destroying without mercy,
uprooting and scattering defeated peoples as slaves across their empire,
and plundering and looting everything in sight to fund the huge military machine that kept the empire growing.
The kingdom of Israel had already fallen victim to its marauding armies,
and the leadership of that nation had either been executed or deported.
A little nation like Judah stood no chance against them.
The Assyrians were at Judah’s gates ready to bring destruction, death, and despair in their wake . . . All seemed to be lost.

I imagine most people in that situation would have either given up hope,
retreated into bitterness or anger,
and desperately sought whatever safety they could find for themselves.
But not Isaiah.
Instead, he wrote the words we heard in our first reading. 
"They shall beat their swords into plowshares,
and their spears into pruning-hooks;
nation shall not lift up sword against nation,
neither shall they learn war any more."
Things would not always be as they are now, he declared.
One day God would create a new world from the current devastation,
a world in which the nations would no longer learn war,
but instead create a peaceable kingdom.

I tell you all this because I believe it’s important for us to understand the background to these familiar words from the prophet Isaiah.
You see, it is all too easy for us to be misled by their beauty and to think that they were written by someone who had no idea how wicked and hopeless the world can be.
Isaiah’s vision sounds like the dream of someone in an ivory tower,
protected and safe – an idealist without a clue,
But it wasn’t like that at all . . . far from it.
These words were written in the middle of appalling conditions,
and they were written by someone who was utterly powerless to do anything about them.

But though Isaiah’s words were written long ago,
when we look at our world today,
we can see that his dream is as far off now as it was then.
War is more destructive than it has ever been.
Wars have always taken a dreadful toll,
but that toll has grown greater as the technology of death has developed. Weapons – conventional, nuclear, biological, and chemical –
are capable of wiping out immense numbers of people indiscriminately,
and small groups of suicide bombers can terrify a whole nation,
disrupting its life completely.
But just as Isaiah could hold onto hope in the face of the Assyrian hordes who threatened to destroy his whole world,
perhaps we should not be too quick to give up on hope either.

Twenty years ago this past November 8th,
another man faced an appalling loss.
A bomb has exploded during a Remembrance Day service at Enniskillen in Northern Ireland, killing 11 people.
It was the highest death toll in a terrorist attack in Northern Ireland in over five years,
and at least 63 other people were injured in the blast, nine of them seriously.
The device went off without warning at 10:45 am at the war memorial where the townspeople had gathered to pay their respects to their fallen dead.
Hidden in a nearby hall,
the bomb blew out one of the building’s walls,
showering the area with debris and burying some in several feet of rubble.
The dead included three married couples, a retired policeman and a nurse.
Thirteen children were also among the injured.

When the bomb went off Gordon Wilson was standing next to his daughter
Marie, at the town’s war memorial.
She was the nurse who died.
Wilson was holding her hand under the rubble as she lost consciousness,
and his courage in responding to that tragedy is famous.
He refused to bear a grudge but instead insisted on moving on towards forgiveness and reconciliation between Catholic and Protestant people.
And because of this the people of Ireland and Great Britain talked about her tragic death for weeks, months and even years.
You see, as Ms. Wilson lay dying under the rubble,
holding the hand of her father, she began to reassure him,
and then, right before she died, she said,
“Daddy, I love you very much."
"Those were the last words she spoke,” reported Wilson,
and then he stunned everyone when he added,  "I bear no ill will at all.
Dirty sort of talk is not going to bring her back to life.
She was a great wee lassie,"
Further, Wilson said that in the first angry hours after the bombing,
his first reaction was to pray for his daughter’s killers.
Wilson was and is not interested in trying to fit his daughter into some
itemized list of political atrocities.
"Marie’s last words were about life," he said,
"It would be no way for me to remember her by having words of hatred in
my mouth.”

But what happened afterwards did not end with Wilson individual response.
Out of that ruin grew an organization which is still going strong,
the Spirit of Enniskillen Trust.
This group does all sorts of work with young people growing up in places where there is conflict and division,
helping them to develop the tools to listen and to debate peacefully with those who differ from them to end cycles of vengeance and suspicion.
They shall beat their swords into plowshares. said Isaiah.
It is work like this that can help make his vision a present reality.

What does it mean to beat your sword into a ploughshare?
It means taking something destructive and transforming it into something creative and life affirming.
A sword kills:
a ploughshare opens up the ground for new life,
for the seed to grow, to flourish and to multiply.
Of course Gordon Wilson and his wife, Jean, were devastated at their daughter’s death,
and of course they were angry,
but they chose to take the sword of that anger and beat it into a
ploughshare that has brought life and hope to many others.

They are not alone in doing this.
We can all think of examples.
Nelson Mandela, leading a process of reconciliation in South Africa,
despite his own suffering.
Former hostage Terry Waite, who has been involved in work to promote healing and justice after his long captivity in Lebanon.
Waite and Mandela and many others are motivated by the desire that their own suffering in war should not be wasted pain,
a sword which destroys themselves and others,
but that it be beaten into a ploughshare to bring life out of death.

And for followers of Christ, the prime example of this act of beating swords into plowshares is that of Jesus himself,
who took the cross, an instrument of death,
and turned it into a symbol of new life and hope,
a demonstration that God’s love is not defeated even by the worst the world can do.
Jesus could have avoided his death –
he could have changed his message to suit those in power.
He knew that preaching a message of radical love and empowering those whom others had a vested interest in keeping down was bound to get him into trouble,  but he did it anyway.
He knew what would happen to him,
and he also knew what happens when violence and the sword rule.
Our gospel lesson attests to this.
When some people exclaimed about the beauty and splendor of the Temple in Jerusalem, Jesus replied,
“As for these things that you see,
the days will come when not one stone will be left upon another;
all will be thrown down."
He then added,
and you don’t have to be a prophet to realize this truth about our world,
"Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.”
And to his disciples he said,
“They will arrest you and persecute you;
they will hand you over to synagogues and prisons,
and you will be brought before kings and governors because of my name.
You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers, by relatives and friends; and they will put some of you to death.
You will be hated by all because of my name.”
And what he said for his followers also came true for him.
And yet, he never responded with violence or hate,
but always, always with love,
and with forgiveness,
even as they nailed him to the cross.
And for countless millions of his followers throughout the ages,
it is this symbol and Jesus’ story,
which has inspired them to respond to evil with love,
and to keep responding that way even when they suffer as a result.

Now I’ve never beaten a real sword into a real ploughshare,
and I don’t suppose you have either,
but my guess is that it would not be an easy thing to do.
It must take effort and time.
It must be noisy, perhaps even painful too.
You’d have to be skilled and practiced in metalwork. 
You’d also need a good deal of faith.
What if you need that sword again in a hurry – what will you do then?
Above all it would be an active process,
a process in which you have to get personally involved.
It wouldn’t happen all in a moment and all by itself as if by magic.
In the same way, choosing God’s way of life and love rather than destruction and hate is not easy either.
That is why people so often fail to do it,
why they lapse so easily into seeking vengeance,
into narrow mindedness and prejudice,
and into a fearful suspicion of anything or anyone different.

Perhaps we hope that we will never be faced with the challenges Isaiah or the Wilsons or others have faced.
Perhaps we would rather not think about how we would behave if we did.
But the truth is that we can’t wait until the bomb goes off or the Assyrians are at our door to discover what we are made of.
People of reconciliation of love and of forgiveness are able to respond as they do because they are already in the practice and habit of beating swords into plowshares in their everyday lives.

We may not like to recognize it,
but the truth is that we all carry swords that need beating into plowshares right here and now.
We can all wield weapons of destruction if we choose to.
They may not be made of steel or iron, but they are no less damaging.
Our words and our attitudes can destroy others.
Our silence can mean that evil goes unchecked.
Our greed can rob others of the chance of life.
Envy, fear, insecurity can lead us to cut others down.
We look for the causes of war in great political events,
the decisions of governments and generals,
but in reality they start in the small decisions that each of us make about the way we relate to those around us.
On their own they may seem like nothing,
but taken together our actions or inactions are the seeds that lead to war.

And just as war is our responsibility, something we set in motion here and now in the small things we do, so too is peace.
Whenever we see others hurting and do something to set that right,
we strike a hammer blow that shapes the destructive sword into something positive and good.
Whenever we turn aside to do something about a wrong that we would rather
ignore,
we beat that sword into something that will bring life.
Whenever we look at another person and see the commonalities we share
rather than the differences of culture or outlook that divide us,
we take one small step towards that world of peace for which Isaiah longed.

In researching my sermon for this week I found an article that had been written eight days after September 11, 2001.
“The author, Yael Lachman, wrote:
I was up in the mountains last week.
Tuesday morning, just after dawn,
I crawled out of my tent and ran smack into a ranger whose job that morning was to whisper the news from New York and Washington, DC.
When he had finished, we looked at each other for a long, helpless moment. Then we both turned away before either of us could cry.
The ranger went off to find more campers.
stood there staring at a tree.”

“There are moments in your life when the world splits open and forces you to decide what is most important to you and what you are going to do about it. Immediately, my mind thought of all the scenarios taking place back in the city:  fear and hysteria crackling over the airwaves;
calls for retaliation;
a declaration of war . . . and unthinkable devastation.
Then something made me stop and look.
Right in front of me, the river ran down the mountain.
A [groundhog] froze on a rock.
The real world grabbed me by the collar and hauled me back from the brink. Once it had my attention, it demanded to know exactly what I intended to do. What is required of me, right now, by everything that is holy?

That’s the question, and we must find an answer fast.
We can no longer fail to respond.
Standing by the river,
I scrambled around in my mind for inspiration,
for an image of someone wise who had lived through a war and who could tell me who I was supposed to become in these desperate days.
I was expecting a freedom fighter, maybe—someone with a gun.
But the person who sprang to mind was Chiura Obata,
the Japanese-American painter who fell in love with Yosemite and the High Sierra.
He appeared to me looking exactly as he does in a photograph from 1942, taken at the Tanforan detention center.
In the photograph, Obata is calm and smiling,
teaching a bunch of children to paint.”

“Of all the things to do.
There’s a war on, your people have been rounded up like cattle,
and there you are playing with a paintbrush.
I blinked, hoping to conjure a more martial role model this time,
but Obata stubbornly remained.
He sat before me, out on a rock in the middle of the river,
watching impatiently as I struggled

to comprehend.
Then all of a sudden, I got it.
Obata wasn’t teaching those kids how to paint;
he was teaching them how to love.
Day after day, right through the barbed-wire fence,
Obata taught those children how to see beauty, how to keep their hearts open. He knew that when evil and destruction arrive,
we must refuse to stop loving the world.
Then—and this is the crucial thing—
we must act on behalf of that enormous love.”

And then Lachman says something that we may not want to hear.
“What America has just painfully learned is that we have not loved enough.
We have cringed at gruesome wire-service photos and turned our backs on the suffering of the world.
We have allowed our own government to bomb civilians,
withhold medical supplies,
and sell weapons to brutal thugs in every part of the globe.
Through our own ignorance, we have helped create a world where desperate people will gladly sign up to be the messengers of death.
And now that death and destruction have reached our own shores,
we must decide how we are going to respond:
with love, or with fear.
The whole world is holding its breath,
waiting to see which one we will choose.”

So, he asks, which will it be?
“Love, or fear?
[Yes, Lachman says] there are people who will try to tell you that love is a luxury and that life in all its miraculous beauty is less urgent right now than the need to retaliate against the forces of evil.
[But} I am here to tell you that unless we respond with love,
we will certainly hand evil a great victory.”

Of course, we all know, some six years later, how we responded.
With fear, with the sword, with the spear.
And, though you are more than welcome to disagree with me on this,
I believe the costs of this decision will be with us for many years to come,
and it will be far more than the hundreds of billions of dollars we have already spent and will yet spend to prosecute a war whose foundation was and is fear.
How much would it have cost us to respond in love?
What if we had used all these resources to try and build bridges to our enemies rather than kill them?
Would we be any worse off than we are now?
And if I may, allow me to ask the simple question that was so popular a few years ago:
“What would Jesus have done?”
The man who said, among many other things:
Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you.
Do good to those who would or have done you wrong.”
In looking at his war-torn world over 2500 years ago,
the prophet Isaiah foresaw a world where:
They shall beat their swords into plowshares,
and their spears into pruning hooks, 
nation shall not lift up sword against nation,
and neither shall they learn war anymore.
It is obvious that that day has not yet arrived,
and sadly, this is partly due to the fact that those who claim to follow Jesus refuse to live by his words.
We have declined to act as he would act.
We have chosen and still choose the sword and the spear.

My friends, we all hold in our hands the tools that shape the future.
It is up to us whether they are swords that bring destruction, death and despair or plowshares that bring life, hope and love.
Amen.

Reflections on Scripture: Isaiah 1:10-18

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Isaiah 1:10-18
Hear the word of the LORD, you rulers of Sodom!
Listen to the teaching of our God, you people of Gomorrah!
What to me is the multitude of your sacrifices? says the LORD;
I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams and the fat of fed beasts;
I do not delight in the blood of bulls, or of lambs, or of goats.

When you come to appear before me, who asked this from your hand?
Trample my courts no more; bringing offerings is futile; incense is an abomination to me.
New moon and Sabbath and calling of convocation–
I cannot endure solemn assemblies with iniquity.
Your new moons and your appointed festivals my soul hates;
they have become a burden to me, I am weary of bearing them.
When you stretch out your hands, I will hide my eyes from you;
even though you make many prayers, I will not listen;
your hands are full of blood.

Wash yourselves; make yourselves clean;
remove the evil of your doings from before my eyes;
cease to do evil, learn to do good;
seek justice, rescue the oppressed,
defend the orphan, plead for the widow.

Come now, let us argue it out, says the LORD:
though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be like snow;
though they are red like crimson, they shall become like wool.

The New Revised Standard Version, copyright 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the United States of America.
Used by permission. All rights reserved.

———-

Sodom and Gomorrah . . . the twin peaks (or should I say depths) of ungodliness.  To call a city or a nation “Sodom and Gomorrah” is to level an insult even more demeaning and nasty as it would be to label a person a “Benedict Arnold” or “Islamic fundamentalist” or “terrorist” today.  And to think that Isaiah, the mouthpiece of God, is saying that the holy city Jerusalem and the nation of Judah (God’s chosen people) have become no better than those legendary cities that God destroyed because of their wickedness.  Why?  What could the chosen have done to merit such a comparison with the paragons of evil?

In his commentary on these verses, which can be found in full  here, Ralph W. Klein from the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago has this to say among other things:

The prophets frequently contain polemical passages that criticize sacrificial worship (Hosea  4:6; Amos 5:21-24; Micah 6:6-8).  Most scholars understand these passages today, not as a categorical rejection of worship, but a rejection of that kind of worship that substitutes ritual for obedience and transformation.

[Isaiah] recites a characteristic list of moral behavior:  seek justice, rescue the oppressed, defend the orphan, plead for the widow.  Orphans and widows are code words for the poorest and most dependent people in society.  Widows often bear tremendous financial burdens also in our society, but orphans have ceased to be a major concern.  Who in your community is a counterpart to widows and orphans?  The homeless?  Racial and ethnic minorities?  Other?

The Lord rejects the outstretched hands of prayer because they are covered in blood.

Their hands are covered in blood, Klein says, echoing Isaiah’s words.  And so they were.  A land without justice, a land where the poorest of people and the least powerful are trampled on and taken advantage of, is necessarily a land covered in blood.  And if your hands are covered in the blood of the oppressed, the poor, and the powerless, all the prayers you might lift up to God are just so many vain repetitions.  Isaiah tells us that God doesn’t care one iota for our prayers if we do not seek justice for all.  God could not care less for our worship if we do not minister and care for those in need.  So, don’t even bother to open your mouths to speak or sing or pray or to lift your hands to light the candles in the sanctuary if you are not prepared to do what God has asked.  These religious activities will do you no good whatsoever.

Of course, the prophets (contrary to how they are often seen) never offer words of judgment or punishment without also juxtaposing them with words of hope.  There is always a way out, if the people of God are willing to listen and take action.

In his commentary on this passage, Howard Wallace sums up what he feels is the meaning of the last few verses:

In vv. 18-20 the prophet offers to argue the case out on the Lord’s behalf. The verses continue the scene with a display of graciousness by the Lord and hope for the people. But that graciousness can be again two-sided. The Lord offers a settlement. He is willing to regard the scarlet and crimson sins (picking up the image of the blood from v. 15) as white wool and snow. The condition is Israel’s willingness to be obedient. There can be no salvation without responsibility. Verses 18 etc. with their statements (NRSV) ‘though your sins are like scarlet, they shall be like snow’ etc., can be read in a number of ways. They can be words of possibility, or of command (they shall be), or they can be read in Hebrew as questions, ‘can they be like snow?’ The openness of the people’s response to the invitation is anticipated in the statement. Only if they do respond, then shall they eat the good of the land, a reference back to the vineyard and cucumber fields (v. 8), both of which are unable to be enjoyed in a state of siege. If the people refuse they will be destroyed by violence.

This may sound harsh, but the offer of a future is always there and always made by the Lord. The Lord’s gracious offer of life, even in the face of his people’s disloyalty, is the surprise element. But no view of this offer should ever be taken that lessens the requirement of reorientation on Israel’s part. There is no cheap grace, either for God’s people, or for God.

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The Lord of Silence – A Sermon for Pentecost 4, Proper 7C, Ordinary 12C

My sermon for Sunday, June 24, 2007  was based on the following scriptures:  1 Kings 19:1-18, Psalms 42, Isaiah 65:1-9, Galatians 3:23-29, and Luke 8:26-39.  These can be read in full by clicking here.

My thanks to my colleagues on Preaching the Revised Common Lectionary E-mail Discussion List: Jim McCrea, Beth Johnston, and especially Frank Fisher (to whom I am especially indebted for the sections on Elijah and the demoniac).

———-

Claude and Myrnie Hart are salt of the earth kind of people.
There were among the very first church members I met when I moved to Southern Lancaster County to become the pastor of Mt. Hope UMC.
Though I had served two years as an associate pastor at St. Mark’s,
a large suburban church outside Trenton, NJ,
and had a year of experience as a student minister at the Wesley Foundation at EKU, this was my first solo church.
Naturally, I was a little nervous and worried and anxious about how things would go. But I needn’t have been.
Claude and Myrnie took me under their wings almost immediately.
How do you like it out here in the country,
Myrnie asked me shortly after I had settled in.
And after having spent the last two years in New Jersey,
this old country boy from Kentucky had to admit that he liked it just fine.

In 1988 the Harts were already in their seventies,
but they were both still very active.
They had a huge vegetable garden and a small orchard behind their home.
I never lacked for fresh produce in the summer and fall.
Further, they invited me over to their home for dinner almost every other week or so.
Myrnie was Pennsylvania Dutch through and through,
and the meals she served were evidence of this.
They were always quite tasty,
even if the vegetables were a little overcooked for my taste.

I did make one major mistake when dining at their home once.
Myrnie served up some of her custard pie for dessert one evening.
To be blunt, it was nasty.
Much too eggy tasting for me – kinda like eating a very sweet scrambled egg mousse in a crust, without, however, the moussey goodness.
Of course I didn’t tell her that.
I told her it was delicious.
Imagine my chagrin then that from that meal on, whenever I ate at the Harts,
I was always served another piece of Myrnie’s delicious custard pie.

This, however, did not keep me away from the Harts.
Once or twice a week I would stop by their home and sit in their living room or out on the front porch swings and shoot the breeze with them.
I especially like to talk religion and church and theology with Claude.
He knew his Bible, was as sharp as a tack, and had a keen mind for details.
Claude had taught Sunday School for almost 40 years by then,
and he was the very definition of Christian, at least to me.
What I especially like about him was his ability to give voice,
not only to the certainties of his faith,
but also to the doubts he had.
One evening, while on the front porch,
watching the Sun go down after our supper and another slice of Myrnie’s custard pie,
Claude leaned toward me in the silence and said,
“You know, I’ve only asked God for two things in my life.
When my first boy was born,
all I asked was that he be healthy.
That was my only prayer.
But he when he was born,
we found out that he would be severely mentally and physically handicapped for his entire life.
At that time the only thing to do was to put him in an institution.
That’s what everyone did back then,
and we did it too.
He’s still there today.
The only other time I asked God for something was when my youngest boy was sent over to Vietnam.
All I wanted was for him to come back home alive.
This was my prayer for months,
until the day the soldiers drove down the road and pulled into my driveway and told me that he had been killed in action.”

After his confession, we sat in silence.
What more could be said, and what could I possibly say that would add anything to what Claude had just confided to me,
his young, inexperienced, still wet behind the ears, pastor?
After all, here was a man who had experienced a most profound disappointment with God,
and yet he had continued to serve this God for decades afterwards.
Sometimes silence  is the best, the most eloquent, response we can give.
To sit still, to be silent, and to let God enter into the silence in his own good time and way.

Of course, it took awhile for Elijah to come to this realization.
He is filled with disappointment, despair, and more than a little anger.
You see, God has let him down,
and now on top of all these other devastating emotions,
Elijah now also fears for his life.

At first it was merely a fear of Queen Jezebel.
For her husband King Ahab had told her how he’d killed Baal’s prophets.
Not being one to overlook a little thing like that,
she’d sent the prophet a fairly blunt message.
“So may the gods do to me, and more also,
if I do not make your life like the life of one of them by this time tomorrow.”

Knowing the extent of Jezebel’s power, Elijah believed her threat.
So away he went into the wilderness.
But he didn’t go quietly.
For suddenly all he’d been through,
combined with his uncertain future,
became a bit too much to handle.
So, being the mighty servant of God he was,
he did what came naturally to him . . . he started to whine.
“It is enough,” he cried, “Now,  O Lord, take away my life,
for I am no better than the prophets who’ve gone before me.”

We are told that the Lord heard his cries.
In fact, an angel, a messenger of the Lord came to him, fed him, not once but twice, and then sent him on his way.
For forty days and forty nights he traveled
until he reached a cave at the base of Mount Horeb,
also known as Mt. Sinai,
the very place where God gave Moses, the first prophet of all, the law,
and it  was here Elijah heard the Lord speak to him as well,
just like he had spoken to Moses so many years before.
“What are you doing here Elijah?”
And so, once again he poured out his sad story.
And for awhile perhaps he thought that God would yield to his plea for death.
For God ordered him to “go out and stand on the mountain before the Lord,
for the Lord is about to pass by.”
Knowing you could not see the Lord and live,
Elijah eagerly went out to meet his fate.

So now he stands on the mountain where Moses had once stood,
and while he still wishes for death,
no doubt he still fears its coming.
And at first his fears seemed confirmed as a great wind arises,
so strong it begins breaking the mountain’s stones to bits.
But the wind ceases and Elijah  realizes the Lord had not been in the wind.
Then a mighty earthquake shakes the earth, knocking him to his knees.
But the earthquake ceases.
And he knows that the Lord had not been in the earthquake.
Then a fire blazes up, consuming everything in its path.
But it too ends,
and he understands that the Lord had not been in the fire either.

And then, there is silence. . . a complete silence.
A silence the world has never known since before creation began.
Only then, out of the silence, does Elijah began to feel God’s presence.
Only there, in the midst of silence, does God speak,
calming his fears and sending him once again on his way,
on the Lord’s way.
And as he descends the mountain of the Lord
Elijah knows he will always walk securely in the hands of the Lord;
the Lord of the silence.

Silence is the one thing that the demoniac in Luke’s gospel has had no experience with for many years.
The name he has given himself is Legion,
which seems appropriate because it  reflects the constant voices he seems to
hear shouting in his ears.
The voices drive him to rip his clothes,
to run away into the wilderness,
and to live his life among those who’re already dead.

Maybe he lives in the tombs of the dead because he envies them their silence.
The dead can’t hear the constant clamoring that drives him to break his chains and run from those guarding him.
Maybe he even hopes that one day soon he too will be dead.
And then his mind will no longer be filled with the cacophony of noise that has driven him mad.

But then one day, someone new appears among the tombs.
He’s a person the mad man has heard of before.
He’s heard this Jesus can heal all kinds of people,
even those, like him, who are all but insane.
But the voices in the man’s head will not let him embrace Jesus.
Instead they lead him to scream,
“What have you to do with me, Son of the most high God?
I beg you, do not torment me.”
Please, please, do not torment me, he silently prays.
Go away. . . Don’t get my hopes up with the possibility of healing,
only to have them dashed once again by yet another descent into madness.

And then, the impossible happens, at least for this man.
Jesus looks into his eyes and in a commanding voice orders the noise and turmoil in the man’s mind to cease.
And for the first time in years, there is silence.
When the people of his village eventually find him,
he is sitting quietly at Jesus’ feet.
The man begs Jesus to let him follow along after him,
But instead Jesus tells the man, “Return to your home,”
“Go and declare how much God has done for you.”
And the man obeys . . . he goes and tells everyone he meets about his encounter with the Lord; the Lord of  silence.

And that brings us to today,
to this place that so many people over the years have called home.
To First UMC on Sunday morning, June 24th at around 10:00 am.
Those of you who have been here awhile remember the days of old,
when the church was filled to overflowing,
with hundreds, not dozens, of people filling the pews.
With hundreds more attending Sunday School,
and money enough to build this grand edifice,
this beautiful church,  as a testament to the Glory of God.

But as all of us here now know that the days of 300 or 400 attending First Church on Sunday mornings were over 40 years ago now,
and despite our best efforts,
nothing has stopped the slow decline in our numbers or our finances.
It would be easy enough for us to join in Elijah’s lament:
We have had enough, O Lord.
Just leave us alone, let us die in peace.
It would simple enough for us to add our voices to the voice of the Psalmist who cries:
When shall we behold the face of God?
Our tears have been our food day and night,
while people say to us continually, `Where is your God?’
We I remember how we once went with the throngs,
and led them in procession to the house of God,
with glad shouts and songs of thanksgiving,
a multitude keeping festival.
And so we say to God, our rock, `Why have you forgotten me?

As I look out over the pews this morning I can bring to mind so many of those who sat here 6 years ago at the beginning of my ministry here,
but who have died or who have moved away.
I am sure that each one of here can see some of those faces.
And we may very well  wonder why the empty places they have left behind have not been filled by others.
And we may even wonder why hasn’t God heard our prayers and rewarded all the hard work we have done to turn our congregation around.
It is easy to become discouraged or depressed or angry when we think about these things long enough.
It is even easy to become disappointed with God.
And we are left ponder what it is that we can do that will make any difference at all to our declining fortunes.

Years ago, Jim McCrea, a colleague of mine on the P-RCL, attended a conference that featured a speaker who had been a POW in Vietnam for almost six years.
In his speech this man talked about the fact that for most of those years,
he and the other prisoners were in solitary confinement.
And while over the years, the POWs developed some elaborate methods
of communicating with each other,
for the most part their time was spent pacing their small cells:
eight feet this way and eight feet back,
over and over, again and again.

During their imprisonment, the POWs had lots of time alone,
time to think and time to pray.
He said that even though some of the prisoners – himself included – underwent vicious tortures, the thing they found most difficult to endure was the loss of human companionship -
that is, simply having someone with whom to talk.
He said that none of the prisoners had been prepared for this kind of utter solitude.

As the war was winding down and the American government was
negotiating for the release of the prisoners,
leaders in the military expressed a great deal of concern about the potential mental and emotional damage that the POWs might have suffered by enduring this type of treatment for so many years.
And so it was that almost as soon as the former POWs boarded the plane for the flights home,
they began taking a comprehensive series of psychological tests to
determine the effects of their lengthy confinement.
Surprisingly, the results were overwhelmingly positive.
The psychiatrists found that, on the whole, the POWs were in better mental shape than the American population at large.
Follow-up studies have continually confirmed these findings.
In fact, statistics show that an impressively large percentage of returning
Vietnam prisoners have gone on to great success in their chosen
professions.

What was their secret?
It should come as no surprise that the speaker said they had learned to listen for the voice of God in the sounds of stillness and silence.
Some people might object that they really didn’t have any choice.
After all, there wasn’t anything else to do in solitary confinement except to build a relationship with God.
For that matter, most of them had no other means of escape from their cells except through prayer.
But the answer to this objection lies in the results these prisoners had.
Their ability to endure wartime prison and their later successes serve to demonstrate the practical power of working through one’s doubts and turning one’s life over to God.

Of course, most of the time unless people somehow feel backed into a hopeless situation like that of the POWs,
they are reluctant to put their faith completely on the line.
It is, after all, so much easier to just follow our instincts or to simply muddle through life, rather than to fully give God control of our lives.

In the new movie Evan Almighty, Morgan Freeman plays God.
In one scene, he appears to Evan’s wife Joan in the guise of a waiter and she really isn’t aware that he’s anything more than that.
She’s depressed and totally confused by the changes in her husband that
have been caused by his following God’s apparently crazy commands.
As Joan is trying to figure out what to do,
God-in-the-guise-of-the-waiter asks her,
“If someone asks God for patience, do you think God gives them patience or do you think God gives them an opportunity to have patience?
And if someone asks God for courage, do you think God gives them courage or do you think God gives them an opportunity to show courage?”

It’s an interesting question, since we tend to assume that God would give us what we ask for in the way we want it.
But sometimes that’s not the case at all.
Sometimes we have to simply accept whatever happens and continue to walk by faith.
And while walking by faith is probably the hardest thing we’re ever called to do as Christians, know this: our spiritual lives depend on it.

Probably the most comforting thing about the stories of Elijah and the man called Legion and psalmist is the fact that they teach us another lesson
as well:
We can know that whenever we enter our times of failure and frustration, God will come to us and comfort us just as he did with Elijah.
God will come with healing in his hands as he did for the demoniac.
God will come and answer our prayers in the silence,
if we allow that silence to turn our hearts and minds back to him.

When we examine our faith and stop to listen for God,
we can find new inspiration and energy for the work ahead.
We can rediscover a sense of the awesome power of God that is beyond all human comprehension.
And then, and only then, will we be able to echo the other words that the psalmist spoke in today’s reading:
Why are you cast down, O my soul, and why are you disquieted within me?
Hope in God; for I shall again praise him, my help and my God.
My soul is cast down within me; therefore I remember you
Deep calls to deep at the thunder of your cataracts;
all your waves and your billows have gone over me.
By day the Lord commands his steadfast love,
and at night his song is with me, a prayer to the God of my life.
Why are you cast down, O my soul, and why are you disquieted within me?
Hope in God; for I shall again praise him, my help and my God.

And we do this by opening our hearts and minds and souls to the power of silence.
A silence in which we will encounter the God above all the other gods in our lives.
A silence that is, in fact, a prayer,
and in which and through which our very lives become prayers to God.

Today I ask you to risk an encounter with God in the silence.
Come and encounter in a deep and life changing way the only One who can hold you and this church securely on the path to the future.
Come and encounter the One who can heal any wound and sooth every pain.
Come and encounter the Lord of the silence.

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